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The stage of moral development characterized by a concern for self according to Kohlberg is the preconventional level. This stage is primarily focused on individual interests and the consequences of actions, emphasizing avoidance of punishment and the desire for rewards. Individuals operating at this level are typically motivated by self-interest, often making decisions based on what benefits them personally rather than considering broader societal norms or ethical principles.

In contrast, the conventional level involves adherence to social rules and the expectations of others, where individuals are more focused on maintaining relationships and gaining approval from society. The postconventional level represents a more advanced stage where moral reasoning is based on abstract principles and values, moving beyond mere self-interest. The term "ethical," while related to moral considerations, is not a recognized stage in Kohlberg's theory and does not align with the specific levels of development he outlined. Therefore, the preconventional stage accurately reflects the concern for self as highlighted in the question.