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The main characteristic of osteogenesis imperfecta is brittle bones. This condition is primarily caused by a defect in collagen production, which is vital for bone strength and integrity. Individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta often experience frequent fractures, even with minimal or no trauma, due to the inherent weakness of the bones. The fragility of the bones is the hallmark of this genetic disorder and distinguishes it from other conditions that may involve joint or muscle issues.

Joint inflammation, muscle spasms, and bone fusion are not defining traits of osteogenesis imperfecta. While patients may experience secondary problems related to mobility or physical activity due to fragile bones, joint inflammation is more associated with autoimmune conditions, muscle spasms can occur in various neurological or muscular disorders, and bone fusion typically refers to a surgical or pathological process that does not directly relate to the characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta.